55 patients, who admitted during three month to ccu ward of one academic hospital, participated in this study. 80% of these patients had delay to report of their chest pain and 4% of them had complete failure to report it. reasons for didn’t report of pain and its signs were unawareness of nurse and physician about problem that is occurring and unawareness of patient about need to saying this p...

lumbar hernias (lh) accounts for less than 1.5% of total hernia incidence. it can occur in two separate triangular areas of the flank. about 300 cases have been reported in the literature. here, we report a 55-year old man with acute painful left side flank mass and final diagnosis of lh. the mass was appeared about three hours before admission and his pain was slight at first but became more s...

Psychophysical methods, data and theory have interesting clinical applications in the field of medicine. Physicians have special needs for new methods that reveal a patient’s self-report of current health status. Subjects often are asked to express judgments about variables such as pain intensity, respiratory discomfort during exercise, and quality of life. Examples described in this paper are ...

Individuals who are unable to communicate their pain are at greater risk for under recognition and undertreatment of pain. This position paper describes the magnitude of this issue, defines populations at risk and offers clinical practice recommendations for appropriate pain assessment using a hierarchical framework for assessing pain in those unable to self-report. Nurses have a moral, ethical...

Because there are many causes of acute abdominal pain, a systematic approach by the evaluating physician is necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. It is vital that the physician have an understanding of the mechanisms of pain generation and be familiar with the presentations of common diseases that cause abdominal pain. Recognizing the red flags in the history and physical examination ...

According to self-report measures, acute pain probably occurs at much the same rate across all age groups. Chronic pain is experienced more by older people, but this increase does not continue beyond the seventh decade. The elderly often experience chronic pain in the joints, back, legs, and feet; they appear to suffer less visceral pain and headache than younger people. The plateau in overall ...

Undertreatment of pain and lack of knowledge about pain management have been evident for approximately two decades. Because nurses are often the cornerstone of pain management, nurses' knowledge in this area is especially important. This paper explores indications of progress in the level of nursing knowledge about basic aspects of pain management. The literature is reviewed and findings from r...

3 Editorial If you have ever had the pleasure of leafing through old journals you would appreciate that the journals of yesteryear were quite different. A typical article from a scientific journal of the early 20th Century was much longer than those of today. Many articles in old journals contained lots of tables but few graphs. (The graph is a remarkably recent innovation.) And, surprisingly t...